FDCA (Furandicarboxylic acid) 2.5, which consists of a mid-ring of furan that is attached by groups of bi carboxylic acids, is an organic chemical.
Heinzelmann & Rudolph Fittig produced it first in 1876, via the action of concentrated hydrobromic acid upon mucic acid but was first reported to a dehydromucic acid.
As a renewable resource as it is produced from different types of carbohydrates, as identified as one of the twelve future green industry priority chemicals by the United States Department of Energy.
As it can replace PTA (terephthalic acid ) as a renewable element it is suggested that Furandicarboxylic acid as very important in the field of polyester production or other current aromatic meiotic containing polymers.
FDCA synthesis:
The four groups of FDCA synthesis are:
• 2,5-disubstituted furans that are oxidized
• Hexose derivatives of dehydration’s
• HMF Biological conversions
• Various furan derivatives of catalytic conversions
2,5-disubstituted furans that is oxidized:
In the first class of routes includes utilizing various organic reactions of oxidation of 2,5-disubstituted furans
Several routes with air over different catalysts to oxidate FDCA into hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) have been discovered.
A system that does not work in H2O unfortunately, with selectively good investigations has been the direct one-pot dehydrates oxidating of a para-xylene to terephthalic acid.
Hexose derivatives of dehydration:
The 2ND group is based on Aldaric (mucic) acids that have been triple dehydrated by acid-promotion.
Achieved only under severe conditions such as – all methods with non-selective yields 120 degrees Celsius.
HMF Biological conversions
In the 3rd group, studies have shown, that depending on the health of a person, the quantities of FDCA that has been detected in human urine, of about 3,5 mg/day all depends on the metabolism of said person.
Using molecular oxygen to convert FDCA from HMF14 by the enzyme produced isolating Cupriavidus basilensis HMF14 bacterium from HMF oxidoreductase/furfural after FDCA was discovered in plasma.
It is environmentally friendly as the biocatalysis is performed at ambient pressured temperature water and without polluting or toxic chemicals.
Various furan derivatives of catalytic conversions
Describing the synthesis of furfural to FDCA is part of the 4th group.
Converted into methyl ester, by nitric acid and 2-furoic acids, by oxidizing furfural.
To get 5- chloromethylfuroate the ester was converted via chloromethylation at position 5
Di-potassium 2,5-furandicarboxylate was obtained by decarboxylating the with furan while simultaneously heating potassium 2-furoate to three hundred degree Celsius in a nitrogen atmosphere
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